Thiophene is a five member heterocyclic ring with general formula C4H4S. Thiophene moiety have attracted great attention in medicinal field due to its diversified biological activities such as anti microbial activity, anti fungal activity, anti tubercular activity, anti oxidant activity, local anaesthetic activity, 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, 5-HT6 receptor antagonist, anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic activity, anti cancer activity, anti convulsant activity, anti allergy, Phosphodiesterase IV inhibitors, anti histaminic activity and many more. Various synthetic methods have been developed to synthesize this novel heterocyclic nucleus. In this review we have focused on some widely known named as well as general and miscellaneous synthetic methods, chemical properties and diversified pharmacological activities of thiophene nucleus.
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